社交媒体的自杀意图检测是一种不断发展的研究，挑战了巨大的挑战。许多有自杀倾向的人通过社交媒体平台分享他们的思想和意见。作为许多研究的一部分，观察到社交媒体的公开职位包含有价值的标准，以有效地检测有自杀思想的个人。防止自杀的最困难的部分是检测和理解可能导致自杀的复杂风险因素和警告标志。这可以通过自动识别用户行为的突然变化来实现。自然语言处理技术可用于收集社交媒体交互的行为和文本特征，这些功能可以传递给特殊设计的框架，以检测人类交互中的异常，这是自杀意图指标。我们可以使用深度学习和/或基于机器学习的分类方法来实现快速检测自杀式思想。出于这种目的，我们可以采用LSTM和CNN模型的组合来检测来自用户的帖子的这种情绪。为了提高准确性，一些方法可以使用更多数据进行培训，使用注意模型提高现有模型等的效率。本文提出了一种LSTM-Incription-CNN组合模型，用于分析社交媒体提交，以检测任何潜在的自杀意图。在评估期间，所提出的模型的准确性为90.3％，F1分数为92.6％，其大于基线模型。

蚊子传播的疾病（MBD），例如登革热病毒，基孔肯雅病毒和西尼罗河病毒，每年在全球造成超过100万人死亡。由于许多这样的疾病都被伊蚊和库氏蚊子传播，因此跟踪这些幼虫对于缓解MBD的传播至关重要。即使公民科学成长并获得了较大的蚊子图像数据集，蚊子图像的手动注释变得越来越耗时且效率低下。先前的研究使用计算机视觉识别蚊子物种，卷积神经网络（CNN）已成为图像分类的事实。但是，这些模型通常需要大量的计算资源。这项研究介绍了视觉变压器（VIT）在比较研究中的应用，以改善伊蚊和库尔克斯幼虫的图像分类。在蚊子幼虫图像数据上对两个VIT模型，Vit-Base和CVT-13以及两个CNN模型进行了RESNET-18和CORVNEXT的培训，并比较确定最有效的模型，以将蚊子幼虫区分为AEDES或CULEX。测试表明，Convnext获得了所有分类指标的最大值，证明了其对蚊子幼虫分类的生存能力。基于这些结果，未来的研究包括通过结合CNN和Transformer架构元素来创建专门为蚊子幼虫分类设计的模型。

联合学习（FL）是一个系统，中央聚合器协调多个客户解决机器学习问题的努力。此设置允许分散培训数据以保护隐私。本文的目的是提供针对医疗保健的FL系统的概述。 FL在此根据其框架，架构和应用程序进行评估。这里显示的是，FL通过中央聚合器服务器通过共享的全球深度学习（DL）模型解决了前面的问题。本文研究了最新的发展，并提供了来自FL研究的快速增长的启发，列出了未解决的问题。在FL的背景下，描述了几种隐私方法，包括安全的多方计算，同态加密，差异隐私和随机梯度下降。此外，还提供了对各种FL类的综述，例如水平和垂直FL以及联合转移学习。 FL在无线通信，服务建议，智能医学诊断系统和医疗保健方面有应用，本文将在本文中进行讨论。我们还对现有的FL挑战进行了彻底的审查，例如隐私保护，沟通成本，系统异质性和不可靠的模型上传，然后是未来的研究指示。

基于全面的生物识别是一个广泛的研究区域。然而，仅使用部分可见的面，例如在遮盖的人的情况下，是一个具有挑战性的任务。在这项工作中使用深卷积神经网络（CNN）来提取来自遮盖者面部图像的特征。我们发现，第六和第七完全连接的层，FC6和FC7分别在VGG19网络的结构中提供了鲁棒特征，其中这两层包含4096个功能。这项工作的主要目标是测试基于深度学习的自动化计算机系统的能力，不仅要识别人，还要对眼睛微笑等性别，年龄和面部表达的认可。我们的实验结果表明，我们为所有任务获得了高精度。最佳记录的准确度值高达99.95％，用于识别人员，99.9％，年龄识别的99.9％，面部表情（眼睛微笑）认可为80.9％。

Three main points: 1. Data Science (DS) will be increasingly important to heliophysics; 2. Methods of heliophysics science discovery will continually evolve, requiring the use of learning technologies [e.g., machine learning (ML)] that are applied rigorously and that are capable of supporting discovery; and 3. To grow with the pace of data, technology, and workforce changes, heliophysics requires a new approach to the representation of knowledge.

Image classification with small datasets has been an active research area in the recent past. However, as research in this scope is still in its infancy, two key ingredients are missing for ensuring reliable and truthful progress: a systematic and extensive overview of the state of the art, and a common benchmark to allow for objective comparisons between published methods. This article addresses both issues. First, we systematically organize and connect past studies to consolidate a community that is currently fragmented and scattered. Second, we propose a common benchmark that allows for an objective comparison of approaches. It consists of five datasets spanning various domains (e.g., natural images, medical imagery, satellite data) and data types (RGB, grayscale, multispectral). We use this benchmark to re-evaluate the standard cross-entropy baseline and ten existing methods published between 2017 and 2021 at renowned venues. Surprisingly, we find that thorough hyper-parameter tuning on held-out validation data results in a highly competitive baseline and highlights a stunted growth of performance over the years. Indeed, only a single specialized method dating back to 2019 clearly wins our benchmark and outperforms the baseline classifier.

Dataset scaling, also known as normalization, is an essential preprocessing step in a machine learning pipeline. It is aimed at adjusting attributes scales in a way that they all vary within the same range. This transformation is known to improve the performance of classification models, but there are several scaling techniques to choose from, and this choice is not generally done carefully. In this paper, we execute a broad experiment comparing the impact of 5 scaling techniques on the performances of 20 classification algorithms among monolithic and ensemble models, applying them to 82 publicly available datasets with varying imbalance ratios. Results show that the choice of scaling technique matters for classification performance, and the performance difference between the best and the worst scaling technique is relevant and statistically significant in most cases. They also indicate that choosing an inadequate technique can be more detrimental to classification performance than not scaling the data at all. We also show how the performance variation of an ensemble model, considering different scaling techniques, tends to be dictated by that of its base model. Finally, we discuss the relationship between a model's sensitivity to the choice of scaling technique and its performance and provide insights into its applicability on different model deployment scenarios. Full results and source code for the experiments in this paper are available in a GitHub repository.\footnote{https://github.com/amorimlb/scaling\_matters}

The devastation caused by the coronavirus pandemic makes it imperative to design automated techniques for a fast and accurate detection. We propose a novel non-invasive tool, using deep learning and imaging, for delineating COVID-19 infection in lungs. The Ensembling Attention-based Multi-scaled Convolution network (EAMC), employing Leave-One-Patient-Out (LOPO) training, exhibits high sensitivity and precision in outlining infected regions along with assessment of severity. The Attention module combines contextual with local information, at multiple scales, for accurate segmentation. Ensemble learning integrates heterogeneity of decision through different base classifiers. The superiority of EAMC, even with severe class imbalance, is established through comparison with existing state-of-the-art learning models over four publicly-available COVID-19 datasets. The results are suggestive of the relevance of deep learning in providing assistive intelligence to medical practitioners, when they are overburdened with patients as in pandemics. Its clinical significance lies in its unprecedented scope in providing low-cost decision-making for patients lacking specialized healthcare at remote locations.

Objective: Imbalances of the electrolyte concentration levels in the body can lead to catastrophic consequences, but accurate and accessible measurements could improve patient outcomes. While blood tests provide accurate measurements, they are invasive and the laboratory analysis can be slow or inaccessible. In contrast, an electrocardiogram (ECG) is a widely adopted tool which is quick and simple to acquire. However, the problem of estimating continuous electrolyte concentrations directly from ECGs is not well-studied. We therefore investigate if regression methods can be used for accurate ECG-based prediction of electrolyte concentrations. Methods: We explore the use of deep neural networks (DNNs) for this task. We analyze the regression performance across four electrolytes, utilizing a novel dataset containing over 290000 ECGs. For improved understanding, we also study the full spectrum from continuous predictions to binary classification of extreme concentration levels. To enhance clinical usefulness, we finally extend to a probabilistic regression approach and evaluate different uncertainty estimates. Results: We find that the performance varies significantly between different electrolytes, which is clinically justified in the interplay of electrolytes and their manifestation in the ECG. We also compare the regression accuracy with that of traditional machine learning models, demonstrating superior performance of DNNs. Conclusion: Discretization can lead to good classification performance, but does not help solve the original problem of predicting continuous concentration levels. While probabilistic regression demonstrates potential practical usefulness, the uncertainty estimates are not particularly well-calibrated. Significance: Our study is a first step towards accurate and reliable ECG-based prediction of electrolyte concentration levels.

Candidate axiom scoring is the task of assessing the acceptability of a candidate axiom against the evidence provided by known facts or data. The ability to score candidate axioms reliably is required for automated schema or ontology induction, but it can also be valuable for ontology and/or knowledge graph validation. Accurate axiom scoring heuristics are often computationally expensive, which is an issue if you wish to use them in iterative search techniques like level-wise generate-and-test or evolutionary algorithms, which require scoring a large number of candidate axioms. We address the problem of developing a predictive model as a substitute for reasoning that predicts the possibility score of candidate class axioms and is quick enough to be employed in such situations. We use a semantic similarity measure taken from an ontology's subsumption structure for this purpose. We show that the approach provided in this work can accurately learn the possibility scores of candidate OWL class axioms and that it can do so for a variety of OWL class axioms.